![\"Tenis-para-correr\"](\"https:\/\/www.danichristoffer.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/09\/Tenis-para-correr.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nSport & Health:<\/strong><\/p>\n Is the use of technology today, in these cases, essential?<\/p>\n Gustavo Leporace:<\/strong><\/p>\n Certainly. As much as qualitative assessments can generate valuable information, only\u00a0when we use high-tech gadgets such as the ones we have in Biokinetics, we can\u00a0quantify how altered is the running pattern and detect the specific cause (specific\u00a0weaknesses or shortenings). In addition, high-tech evaluations are highly reproducible,\u00a0allowing that in a second evaluation the possibility of determining whether the\u00a0identified risk factor initially is still present and if the risk of injury is low or high. With\u00a0this, it is possible to indicate objective interventions, maximizing the chances of success\u00a0and reducing the time required to reach it.<\/p>\n Sport & Health:<\/strong><\/p>\n What kinds of trample can we have?<\/p>\n Gustavo Leporace:<\/strong><\/p>\n In a very superficial way, we can say that there are three types of trample: Prone, Supine\u00a0and Neutral. However, the trample we call “Neutral” is actually pronated step, and what\u00a0we call stepped prone is an excess pronation.<\/p>\n Sport & Health:<\/strong><\/p>\n How to identify the trample?<\/p>\n Gustavo Leporace:<\/strong><\/p>\n There are several ways to identify the trample. It may be by filming the posterior region\u00a0of the foot with a conventional camera as one is running on a treadmill; it can be\u00a0through a technique called baropodometry or even with less usual techniques nowadays\u00a0due to technological advances, such as plantigrama (the impression of the sole of feet).\u00a0The Plantigrama consists of “dirtying” the sole of the foot with some product (talc,\u00a0chalk, ink specific for skin, etc) and asking the person to run (or walk) on it. According\u00a0to the design formed by the foot with the ground it is possible to estimate what is the\u00a0footprint (trample).<\/p>\n The baropodometry measures the pressure distribution on the soles of the feet, and\u00a0when there is an increased distribution on the interior part of the foot we call it pronated\u00a0trampled, and when the pressure is increased on the outside part of the foot, it is called\u00a0trampled supine.<\/p>\n Even though the latter technique is the most widely used nowadays as part of\u00a0Biomechanics, it has a very latent limitation: It simply shows how the foot is working.\u00a0Very often the stepped prone (or supine) is caused by a change of the movements of the\u00a0spinal cord, hips or knees, and it is more interesting and effective to prevent injuries and\u00a0to improve the movements of these joints rather than simply using a specific footwear.<\/p>\n Nowadays, the gold standard in finding the type of trample is the Biomechanics\u00a0Evaluation of the three-dimensional movement. It consists in evaluating the\u00a0three-dimensional movement of the body as a whole and understand if the change in\u00a0footprints is specific to the foot (and then we recommend a shoe or insole) or if it is\u00a0another joint (for example: a weakness of the hip can increase the weight bearing inside,\u00a0generating a pronated trample. If we strengthen weak hip muscles, the feet usually\u00a0return to their normal position without a shoe insole or specific).<\/p>\n Sport & Health:<\/strong><\/p>\n To buy shoes according to trample can prevent injuries?<\/p>\n Gustavo Leporace:<\/strong><\/p>\n There isn\u2019t scientific evidence that the use of specific footwear for one\u00a0specific type of trample can prevent injury. An article was published in 2014 analyzing\u00a0over 7,000 runners by the prestigious Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical\u00a0Therapy (JOSPT) shows that the selection of footwear based on the type of trample\u00a0does not reduce the risk of injury in runners. Unlike what many would think, the\u00a0footwear for pronators and supinators and are not intended to “fix” pronation or\u00a0supination.<\/p>\n It was published, in 2015, a review article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine,\u00a0written by a leading authority on the subject of running shoes, Dr Benno Nigg, pointing\u00a0out that the main criterion that should be used to choose the footwear is individual\u00a0comfort during the race and not the type trample itself.<\/p>\n It does not mean that we can not refer or give orientation to a runner, through specific\u00a0biomechanical evaluations, when it comes to choosing a shoe that is more likely to fit\u00a0properly on anybodies feet. It is important to say that the three main types of shoes\u00a0nowadays are divided into 3 categories: neutral, stability and motion control. The type\u00a0of trample is only one aspect that influences the choice of “comfortable shoes”. Other\u00a0variables are also important, such as the curvature of the foot, the need for impact\u00a0absorption of each runner and how the mobility of foot bones is<\/p>\n When we evaluate all these details and we add to the type of trample, we suggest\u00a0specific shoes that are more likely to generate comfort.\u00a0There is some evidence that when used sneakers that do not cause comfort the number\u00a0of injuries is greater than when we use a “wrong shoes for our trampled.<\/p>\n Sport & Health:<\/strong><\/p>\n What is the important of biokinetics in preventing problems with trample?<\/p>\n Gustavo Leporace:<\/strong><\/p>\n Changes in the type of trample may be related to major injuries such as shin splints,\u00a0knee pain, stress fractures etc. A proper and early identification of the causes of\u00a0inadequate trample can allow the prescription of individual training or selection of\u00a0appropriate insoles for prevention of injuries during the race. I affirm, once again, that\u00a0trample problems can lead to injuries; however, the sneakers are not made to correct this\u00a0trample.<\/p>\n Sport & Health:<\/strong><\/p>\n And to avoid problems such as calluses, blisters and bone lesions?<\/p>\n Gustavo Leporace:<\/strong><\/p>\n In theory, the higher the comfort of the sneaker is, there will be less chances of\u00a0generating blisters, calluses and bone lesions. However, the scientific evidences are\u00a0scarce.\u00a0My practical experience, combined with the available literature, suggests that sneakers\u00a0should have high cushion factors for people who routinely have such problems.\u00a0Even today some marathoners, ultra-marathoners have used a shoes classified as\u00a0maximalist, with high degree of \u201ccushion\u201d (I will talk about this soon here in the blog).<\/p>\n Sport & Health:<\/strong><\/p>\n What would you say to the runners of marathons, half marathons and other road races?<\/p>\n Gustavo Leporace:<\/strong><\/p>\n Much more important than worrying about the “ideal” shoes for your kind of trample, it\u00a0is to understand how your body is working during the race and to know if there are any\u00a0shoes that you can generate greater comfort. Moreover, there are many factors other\u00a0than the types of trample that are related to the presence of lesions in runners. These risk\u00a0factors can be identified and if it is done early, there is the possibility of indicating\u00a0adequate training to reduce the likelihood of injuring.<\/p>\n The same way most runners have annual heart check-ups before starting training for\u00a0(half) marathon etc, we need a check-up to avoid musculoskeletal injuries. Studies\u00a0indicate a prevalence of lesions in 50% of participants each year and the incidence\u00a0ranging from one to two injuries per year. \u201cBetter safe than sorry\u201d.<\/p>\n And remember that one of the main risk factors for sports injuries is to have a history of\u00a0injuries, i.e., the less you get injured in training, the less chances to have other new\u00a0injuries in the future. To perform these evaluations, seek health professional experts in\u00a0biomechanics to be sure that you are performing a test safely and effectively to reach\u00a0your goals. Bear in mind that the cost of an evaluation is lower than the cost of\u00a0rehabilitating from an injury.<\/p>\n